What does urbanization refer to?

Urbanization primarily refers to the process of forming larger towns and cities as a result of population shifts from rural to urban areas. This phenomenon often occurs when people move to cities in search of better job opportunities, education, and living standards.

Urbanization is a key aspect of modern development, as it reflects changes in social, economic, and cultural patterns. As more individuals settle in urban areas, cities grow in both size and influence, leading to the expansion of infrastructure, increased housing demand, and more diverse economic activities.

The other options, while they touch on related themes, do not capture the essence of urbanization itself. The decline of rural populations may be a consequence of urbanization, but it doesn't define the process. The migration of wildlife to urban areas can occur as cities expand, but it's not an aspect of urbanization in the human context. Lastly, the increase of agricultural land is contrary to urbanization, which tends to decrease agricultural land use as areas become more developed and urbanized.