What is the term used for the water that moves downward through the soil?

The term that describes water moving downward through the soil is percolation. This process is vital in the hydrological cycle as it refers to the movement of water through the soil layers, allowing it to reach the groundwater table. Percolation occurs after the initial absorption of water into the soil, where it continues to flow through the soil’s pores due to gravity and pressure. It plays an essential role in filtering water, replenishing aquifers, and maintaining the overall health of ecosystems. Understanding percolation is key for recognizing how water moves through the landscape and becomes available for plant use and groundwater supplies.